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Niu Sengru
Niu Sengru (牛僧孺) (780 – January 27, 849〔http://dbo.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AD%F0&king=%AB%C5%A9v&reign=%A4j%A4%A4&yy=2&ycanzi=&mm=12&dd=29&dcanzi=〕〔Li Jue, ''Commemorative Text for the Spirit Tablet for the Deceased Chancellor, ''Taizi Shaoshi'', Posthumously-Honored ''Taiwei'', Lord Niu'', collected in ''All Tang Texts'' (全唐文), (vol. 720 ).〕), courtesy name Si'an (思黯), formally Duke Wenzhen of Qizhang (奇章文貞公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Muzong and his sons Emperor Jingzong and Emperor Wenzong. He was commonly regarded as the leader of one of the two court factions at the time — the faction later known as the Niu Faction — during the Niu-Li Factional Struggles.
== Background ==
Assuming that Niu Sengru died in the ''Wuchen'' year of the ''Dazhong'' era (847-859) of Emperor Xuānzong as asserted in the commemorative text written by Li Jue,〔 Niu was born in 780, during the reign of Emperor Dezong. He was a descendant of the prominent Sui Dynasty official Niu Hong (牛弘).〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 174.〕 His grandfather Niu Shao (牛紹) served as a consultant at the ministry of worship, while his father Niu Youwen (牛幼聞) served as a county magistrate.〔()(''New Book of Tang'', vol. 75 )〕 His father died when he was young, and he tended a farm at Xiadu (下杜, near the capital Chang'an) that his family had previously been bestowed to make a living. He was capable in writing, and eventually passed the imperial examinations〔 in 805, in the same year as eventual colleague and ally Li Zongmin.〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 176.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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